大气中二氧化碳分离技术的研究与现状

本文概要介绍了潜艇和载人航天器舱内二氧化碳分离去除的４种主要方法：碱吸收法、吸附法、电化学法和膜法,并就该技术领域的历史与现状、各种方法的优缺点和具体的应用情况,以及今后国内外的发展趋势进行了分析与评述。     

考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式扭力轴灵敏度分析

机械构件的不同的失效模式之间具有一定的相关性,而且随机载荷作用次数对机械构件的可靠性有一定程度的影响。因此对机械构件进行可靠性灵敏度分析时,需要充分考虑其不同失效模式和载荷作用次数的影响。通过运用顺序统计量理论考虑载荷多次作用以及多种失效模式条件下机械构件可靠性及可靠性灵敏度的变化规律,运用随机摄动理论和四阶矩技术,建立一种考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式机械构件可靠性灵敏度分析数值方法的应力强度干涉模型。在随机变量前四阶矩已知的情况下,结合灵敏度分析的梯度算法,推导出关于随机变量均值和方差的灵敏度计算公式。以某履带车辆底盘扭力轴为例进行计算,得到其可靠度随载荷作用次数、随机变量均值和方差而改变的可靠性灵敏度变化曲线,为扭力轴的可靠性优化提供一定的理论依据。研究成果可以推广到相关机械可靠性灵敏度设计和结构优化领域,具有非常重要的实用意义。     

动作示范法在消防技能教学中的运用

在进行消防技能教学时，动作示范法是在教学中常采用的一种行之有效的方法，它能真实、具体、生动、形象的反映出动作技术结构，帮助学生了解动作过程、要领和完成方法及时空关系等，根据消防技能教学的特点和规律，对动作示范法在消防技能教学中运用进行了分析。     

Casualty Rates of US Military Personnel During the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan

Abstract

In Operation Iraqi Freedom, which ended in August 2010, nearly 3500 hostile deaths occurred among US military personnel and 32,000 more were wounded in action (WIA). More than 1800 hostile deaths occurred during Operation Enduring Freedom (in and around Afghanistan) through 2014 and about 20,000 were WIA. A larger proportion of wounded personnel survived in Iraq and Afghanistan than during the Vietnam War, but the increased survival rates were not as high as some studies have asserted. The survival rates were 90.2% in Iraq and 91.6% in Afghanistan, compared with 86.5% in Vietnam. The casualty rates varied between the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and before, during, and after the respective surges. Amputation rates are difficult to measure consistently, but I estimate that 2.6% of all WIA and 9.0% of medically evacuated WIA from the Iraq and Afghanistan theaters combined resulted in the major loss of a limb. Elevated non-hostile death rates (including deaths due to accidents, illnesses, homicides, or suicides) resulted in about 220 more deaths in Iraq and about 200 more deaths in Afghanistan than would have been expected in peacetime among populations of the size deployed to those two conflicts.     

面向联合作战行动设计的态势差分析机理研究

文章介绍了态势差的概念内涵,分析了在设计联合作战行动时为什么要分析态势差,阐述了如何分析态势差。态势差分析是工程化作战筹划的一个环节,研究态势差分析机理,能为作战行动设计提供有力支撑,提高作战筹划效率。     

抗击临近空间高超声速飞行器对策研究

在未来的空袭作战中,临近空间高超声速飞行器具有其他武器所不可比拟的优势,它必将成为一种新威胁。首先分析了该飞行器的卓越性能,简述了它的军事用途,其次论述了它的出现对防空反导体系所产生的影响,最后针对这种新型的威胁,提出了几点应对措施。     

ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES FOR ARMS CONTROL

The efforts of President Barack Obama and his administration to restore the United States as a driving force of multilateral arms control and nonproliferation negotiations are commendable, yet the lack of progress on such issues over the last eight years has ensured that U.S. policy has not kept pace with changes in the geostrategic environment and the evolving security agenda. Meanwhile, an alternative agenda has been articulated by non-Western countries. This article focuses on the arms control perspectives of Non-Aligned Movement states and others that have begun to embrace the idea of “disarmament as humanitarian action.” It explores this idea in the context of recent initiatives and argues that if the Obama administration wants to make progress on its arms control and nonproliferation priorities, it should consider a multifaceted approach that incorporates this emerging alternative agenda.     

Compensating military veterans in South Africa

This article outlines the widespread needs of South African military veterans and the possible consequences if the promises made in the recent Military Veterans Act are not met. The first part of the article defines who generally qualifies as a military veteran, how they are typically compensated in various countries with specific reference to neighbouring southern African countries, and what the consequences are when veterans become disenchanted with the state. The second part focuses on South Africa and the recent debates on military veterans and their entitlements. With reference to the findings of a qualitative study conducted among military veterans, parliamentary debates and media reports, an assessment is made of the demands and affordability of promised benefits and the consequences should the state not deliver. The conclusion is reached that heightened expectations are presently frustrated by slow roll-outs, and this is likely to increase the possibility of protest action. This has now the potential to create further tension within the ruling party and civil society, as the pressure on public finances mounts and demands become unsustainable. The effect this may have on political stability will depend on how the government manages this issue.     

分队战术训练仿真系统CGF技术

计算机生成兵力(CGF)是攻防对抗作战仿真的重要组成部分和重点研究内容,也是分队战术训练仿真系统的一个重要技术支撑。给出了仿真系统中CGF实体在基于HLA协议下的功能结构和拓扑结构,介绍了仿真系统中CGF建模所研究的内容和实体建模技术,最后指出了将人工智能技术应用于CGF实体行为决策建模的思路。     

建筑消防设计中疏散时间的确定方法

本文针对建筑消防设计中疏散时间计算这一关键问题 ,利用疏散行为指数确定生活不能自理的人的疏散能力 ,进而确定其疏散时间 ,为建筑消防安全设计和防火管理工作提供理论依据。文中介绍的方法、计算公式及步骤简捷 ,具有一定的实用价值。